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CM2500
WIDE INPUT 2A STEP DOWN CONVERTER GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The CM2500 is a current-mode step-down DC-DC converter that generates up to 2A output current at 380kHz switching frequency. The device utilizes advanced BCD process for operation with input voltage up to 20V consuming only 20A in shutdown mode, the CM2500 is highly efficient with peak efficiency at 95% when in operation. Protection features include cycle-by-cycle current limit, thermal shutdown, and frequency fold back at short circuit. The CM2500 is available in SOP-8 package and requires very few external devices for operation.
FEATURES
2A Output Current Up to 95% Efficiency 4.75V to 20V Input Range 20A Shutdown Supply Current 380kHz Switching Frequency Adjustable Output Voltage from 1.28V to 0.85*VIN Cycle-by-Cycle Current Limit Protection Thermal Shutdown Protection Frequency Fold Back at Short Circuit Stability with Wide Range of Capacitors, SOP-8 Package
APPLICATIONS
TFT LCD Monitors Portable DVDs Car-Powered or Battery-Powered Equipments Set-Top Boxes Telecom Power Supplies DSL and Cable Modems and Routers Termination Supplies
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
2008/04/15 Rev1.0
Champion Microelectronic Corporation
Page 1
CM2500
WIDE INPUT 2A STEP DOWN CONVERTER PIN CONFIGURATION
BLOCK DIAGRAM
2008/04/15 Rev1.0
Champion Microelectronic Corporation
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CM2500
WIDE INPUT 2A STEP DOWN CONVERTER ORDERING INFORMATION
Part Number CM2500GIS Temperature Range -40 ~ +85 Package SOP-8 Packing TAPE & REEL
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Input Voltage Output Current Output Voltage .......................................... -0.3V to +25V ............................... PD / (VIN - Vo) mA
OPERATING RATINGS
Ambient Temperature Range (TA) ............. -40 to +85 Junction Temperature Range ............... -40 to +150
............................ GND-0.3V to VIN+0.3V
ESD Classification ................................................... B
PIN DESCRIPTION
Pin Number 1 Pin Name BS Pin Description Bootstrap. This pin acts as the positive rail for the high-side switch's gate driver. Connect a 10nF capacitor between BS and SW. 2 IN Input Supply. Bypass this pin to G with a low ESR capacitor. See Input Capacitor in the Application Information section. Switch Output. Connect this pin to the switching end of the inductor. Ground. Feedback Input. The voltage at this pin is regulated to 1.28V. Connect to the resistor divider between output and ground to set output voltage. 6 7 COMP EN Compensation Pin. See Stability Compensation in the Application Information section. Enable Input. When higher than 1.85V, this pin turns the IC on. When lower than 1.7V, this pin turns the IC off. Output voltage is discharged when the IC is off. When left unconnected, EN is pulled up to 4.5V tip with a 2.5A pullup current. 8 N/C Not Connected.
3 4 5
SW GND FB
2008/04/15 Rev1.0
Champion Microelectronic Corporation
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CM2500
WIDE INPUT 2A STEP DOWN CONVERTER ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
(Note: Exceeding these limits may damage the device. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for long periods may affect device reliability.)
PARAMETER
IN Supply Voltage SW Voltage BS Voltage EN, FB, COMP Voltage Continuous SW Current Junction to Ambient Thermal Resistance(JA) Maximum Power Dissipation Operating Junction Temperature Storage Temperature Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec)
VALUE
-0.3 to 20 -1 to VIN + 1 VSW - 0.3 to VSW + 6 -0.3 to 6 Internally Limited
UNIT
V V V V A C/W W C C C
105 0.76 -40 to 150 -55 to 150 300
APPLICATION CIRCUIT
2008/04/15 Rev1.0
Champion Microelectronic Corporation
Page 4
CM2500
WIDE INPUT 2A STEP DOWN CONVERTER ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VIN = 12V, TA= 25C unless otherwise specified.)
PARAMETER
Input Voltage Feedback Voltage High-Side Switch On Resistance Low-Side Switch On Resistance SW Leakage Current Limit COMP to Current Limit Transconductance Error Amplifier Transconductance Error Amplifier DC Gain Switching Frequency Short Circuit Switching Frequency Maximum Duty Cycle Minimum Duty Cycle Enable Threshold Voltage Enable Pull Up Current Supply Current in Shutdown IC Supply Current in Operation Thermal Shutdown Temperature
SYMBOL
VIN VFB RONH RONL
TEST CONDITIONS
VOUT = 5V, ILOAD = 0A to 1A 4.75V VIN 20V, VCOMP =1.5V
MIN
7 1.184
TYP
MAX
20
UNIT
V V
1.222 0.22 4.7
1.258
VEN = 0 ILIM GCOMP GEA AVEA fSW VFB = 0 DMAX VFB = 1.1V VFB = 1.4V Hysteresis = 0.1V Pin pulled up to 4.5V typically when left unconnected VEN=0 VEN=3V , VFB=1.4V Hysteresis=10C 2.0 300 ICOMP = 10A 2.6
1 3.3 1.8 550 3200 360 50 90
10
A A A/V A/V V/V
420
kHz kHz %
0 2.2 2.5 20 1.0 168 50 1.5
% V uA uA mA C
2008/04/15 Rev1.0
Champion Microelectronic Corporation
Page 5
CM2500
WIDE INPUT 2A STEP DOWN CONVERTER FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
As seen in Figure 2, Functional Block Diagram, the CM2500 is a current mode pulse width modulation (PWM) converter. The converter operates as follows : A switching cycle starts when the rising edge of the Oscillator clock output causes the High- Side Power Switch to turn on and the Low-Side Power Switch to turn off. With the SW side of the inductor now connected to IN, the inductor current ramps up to store energy in the magnetic field. The inductor current level is measured by the Current Sense Amplifier and added to the Oscillator ramp signal. If the resulting summation is higher than the COMP voltage, the output of the PWM Comparator goes high. When this happens or when Oscillator clock output goes low, the High-Side Power Switch turns off and the Low-Side Power Switch turns on. At this point, the SW side of the inductor swings to a diode voltage below ground, causing the inductor current to decrease and magnetic energy to be transferred to output. This state continues until the cycle starts again. The High-Side Power Switch is driven by logic using BS as the positive rail. This pin is charged to VSW + 6V when the Low-Side Power Switch turns on. The COMP voltage is the integration of the error between FB input and the internal 1.28V reference. If FB is lower than the reference voltage, COMP tends to go higher to increase current to the output. Current limit happens when COMP reaches its maximum clamp value of 2.55V. The Oscillator normally switches at 380kHz. However, if FB voltage is less than 0.7V, then the switching frequency decreases until it reaches a minimum of 50kHz at VFB = 0.5V. where VIN is the input voltage, VOUT is the output voltage, fSW is the switching frequency, IOUTMAX is the maximum output current, and KRIPPLE is the ripple factor. Typically, choose KRIPPLE = 30% to correspond to the peak-to-peak ripple current being 30% of the maximum output current. With this inductor value, the peak inductor current is IOUT * (1 + KRIPPLE / 2). Make sure that this peak inductor current is less that the 3A current limit. Finally, select the inductor core size so that it does not saturate at 3A. Typical inductor values for various output voltages are shown in Table 1. Figure 4 shows the connections for setting the output voltage. Select the proper ratio of the two feedback resistors RFB1 and RFB2 based on the output voltage. Typically, use RFB2 10k and determine RFB1 from the following equation:
APPLICATION INFORMATION
OUTPUT VOLTAGE SETTING
INDUCTOR SELECTION
The inductor maintains a continuous current to the output load. This inductor current has a ripple that is dependent on the inductance value: higher inductance reduces the peak-to-peak ripple current. The trade off for high inductance value is the increase in inductor core size and series resistance, and the reduction in current handling capability. In general, select an inductance value L based on the ripple current requirement:
SHUTDOWN CONTROL
The CM2500 has an enable input EN for turning the IC on or off. When EN is less than 1.8V, the IC is in 8A low current shutdown mode and output is discharged through the LowSide Power Switch. When EN is higher than 1.85V, the IC is in normal operation mode. EN is internally pulled up with a 2.5A current source and can be left unconnected for always-on operation. Note that EN is a low voltage input with a maximum voltage of 6V; it should never be directly connected to IN.
Table 1. Typical Inductor Values
VOUT L 1.5V 6.8H 1.8V 6.8H 2.5V 10H 3.3V 15H 5V 22H
THERMAL SHUTDOWN
The CM2500 automatically turns off when its junction temperature exceeds 170C.
2008/04/15 Rev1.0
Champion Microelectronic Corporation
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CM2500
WIDE INPUT 2A STEP DOWN CONVERTER
INPUT CAPACITOR
The input capacitor needs to be carefully selected to maintain sufficiently low ripple at the supply input of the converter. A low ESR capacitor is highly recommended. Since large current flows in and out of this capacitor during switching, its ESR also affects efficiency. The input capacitance needs to be higher than 10F. The best choice is the ceramic type; however, low ESR tantalum or electrolytic types may also be used provided that the RMS ripple current rating is higher than 50% of the output current. The input capacitor should be placed close to the IN and G pins of the IC, with the shortest traces possible. In the case of tantalum or electrolytic types, they can be further away if a small parallel 0.1F ceramic capacitor is placed right next to the IC. The feedback loop of the IC is stabilized by the components at the COMP pin, as shown in Figure 5. The DC loop gain of the system is determined by the following equation:
STABILITY COMPENSATION
OUTPUT CAPACITOR
The output capacitor also needs to have low ESR to keep low output voltage ripple. The output ripple voltage is:
where IOUTMAX is the maximum output current, KRIPPLE is the ripple factor, RESR is the ESR of the output capacitor, fSW is the switching frequency, L is the inductor value, and COUT is the output capacitance. In the case of ceramic output capacitors, RESR is very small and does not contribute to the ripple. Therefore, a lower capacitance value can be used for ceramic capacitors. In the case of tantalum or electrolytic capacitors, the ripple is dominated by RESR multiplied by the ripple current. In that case, the output capacitor is chosen to have sufficiently low ESR. For ceramic output capacitors, typically choose a capacitance of about 22F. For tantalum or electrolytic capacitors, choose a capacitor with less than 50m ESR.
RECTIFIER DIODE
Use a Schottky diode as the rectifier to conduct current when the High-Side Power Switch is off. The Schottky diode must have a current rating higher than the maximum output current and a reverse voltage rating higher than the maximum input voltage.
2008/04/15 Rev1.0
Champion Microelectronic Corporation
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CM2500
WIDE INPUT 2A STEP DOWN CONVERTER
STEP 2. Set the zero fZ1 at 1/4 of the crossover frequency. If RCOMP is less than 15k, the equation for CCOMP is:
If RCOMP is limited to 15k, then the actual cross over frequency is 3.4 / (VOUTCOUT). Therefore:
STEP 3. If the output capacitor's ESR is high enough to cause a zero at lower than 4 times the crossover frequency, an additional compensation capacitor CCOMP2 is required. The condition for using CCOMP2 is: RESRCOUT
And the proper value for CCOMP2 is:
Though CCOMP2 is unnecessary when the output capacitor has sufficiently low ESR, a small value CCOMP2 such as 100pF may improve stability against PCB layout parasitic effects. Table 2 shows some calculated results based on the compensation method above. Table 2. Typical Compensation for Different Output Voltages and Output Capacitors VOUT 2.5V 3.3V 5V 2.5V 3.3V 5V 2.5V 3.3V 5V COUT 22F Ceramic 22F Ceramic 22F Ceramic 47F SP Cap 47F SP Cap 47F SP Cap 470F/6.3V/30m 470F/6.3V/30m 470F/10V/30m RCOMP 8.2k 12k 15k 15k 15k 15k 15k 15k 15k CCOMP 2.2nF 1.5nF 1.5nF 1.5nF 1.8nF 2.7nF 15nF 22nF 27nF CCOMP2 None None None None None None 1nF 1nF None
2008/04/15 Rev1.0
Champion Microelectronic Corporation
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CM2500
WIDE INPUT 2A STEP DOWN CONVERTER TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
2008/04/15 Rev1.0
Champion Microelectronic Corporation
Page 9
CM2500
WIDE INPUT 2A STEP DOWN CONVERTER PACKAGE DIMENSION
SOP-8
2008/04/15 Rev1.0
Champion Microelectronic Corporation
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CM2500
WIDE INPUT 2A STEP DOWN CONVERTER IMPORTANT NOTICE
Champion Microelectronic Corporation (CMC) reserves the right to make changes to its products or to discontinue any integrated circuit product or service without notice, and advises its customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that the information being relied on is current. A few applications using integrated circuit products may involve potential risks of death, personal injury, or severe property or environmental damage. CMC integrated circuit products are not designed, intended, authorized, or warranted to be suitable for use in life-support applications, devices or systems or other critical applications. Use of CMC products in such applications is understood to be fully at the risk of the customer. In order to minimize risks associated with the customer's applications, the customer should provide adequate design and operating safeguards.
HsinChu Headquarter
5F, No. 11, Park Avenue II, Science-Based Industrial Park, HsinChu City, Taiwan T E L : +886-3-567 9979 F A X : +886-3-567 9909
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2008/04/15 Rev1.0
Champion Microelectronic Corporation
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